Rare variants refer to genetic variations that occur with a low frequency in a population. These variants can have a significant impact on an individual's susceptibility to disease or response to treatment. Rare variants are often difficult to detect using traditional sequencing methods due to their low frequency, but advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have made it easier to identify and study these genetic variations. Research in the field of rare variants aims to understand how these genetic changes contribute to disease risk, treatment response, and other complex traits. Studying rare variants can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of various diseases and help researchers develop more personalized and effective treatment strategies. By identifying and characterizing rare variants, scientists can better understand the genetic basis of diseases and potentially uncover new targets for therapeutic intervention.